Love is a prevalent and connecting central idea in Song of Solomon. There are many different types of love which are present between characters, within characters, and between characters and objects or ideas. With Ruth and Hagar, there is an obsessive love with those they treasure most. Ruth is fixated on her father to the point where it has interfered with her marriage and her life. In the middle of the night she travels by bus and train to get to her father's grave just to talk to him. Her obsession leads one to believe Ruth may have an Electra complex, Macon certainly believes so. Hagar also develops a dangerous obsession with Milkman. After Milkman breaks up with Hagar, she goes on an enraged hunt, stalking and attempting to murder Milkman every month. Within this twisted love, one sees the intertextuality of the hero's journey. Milkman is the hero or protagonist of the story, and Hagar is the villain, or anti-hero, trying to cause chaos and disorder. Separation occurs when Milkman starts his new, more adult life away from home, spending more time in the Southside. Initiation is especially evident with the confrontation Milkman has with Hagar in Guitar's apartment. Hagar attempts to kill the hero, and Milkman's apathetic reaction triggers an interest for the audience, a clue that readers should pay attention to what Milkman will do next. While Hagar is the villain, the one who serves as medicine man, or in this case medicine woman, is Pilate. Morrison make this painfully obvious through Pilate's use and knowledge of odd cures and remedies.
Ruth also uses love to try to stop Milkman in his journey through coming-of-age. She breast feeds him for an unnatural amount of time and yet she does not succeed in her attempt. Milkman ventures out on his own to find his maturity, experience his new-found sexuality (thanks to Hagar), and discovers a new sense of responsibility (breaking it off with Hagar).
Macon Dead has a different kind of love. He loves his money and his reputation, one could argue his love is also an obsession. Macon is so consumed by his 'white-man's' life, he has no room for his wife or his children. He wishes only to maintain his place as a respected member of the community and preserve his power.
Love continues to reveal itself in all the situations in Song of Solomon, from Mr. Smith standing on Mercy Hospital and Porter shouting that the love he has is too much to carry, to Ruth and Hagar's obsessive love which brings them into conflict with the other characters. Morrison seems to have a much different view of love from what is conventionally thought of when one thinks of love. The circumstances which love plays a part in are all negative and harmful to one person or another. Love is not seen as the caring, and sought after object which leads to happiness. In Song of Solomon, love brings only sorrow and pain.
Thursday, March 26, 2009
Monday, March 16, 2009
The End
I did not open them--for to be rude
To such a one as him was courtesy
-Canto XXXIII (146-147)
In the thirty-third canto, the reader becomes aware of a fact that has not come into the story as of yet, and in contrast to the rest of the story, goes against Catholic doctrine. Dante is speaking to Fra Alberigo in the third ring of the ninth circle of hell, those who betrayed their guests. In fact, Albergio has not died, his sins were so horrible and unforgivable that he was cast into hell before his time. Albergio resides in this circle because of an episode in which he had his cousin and son killed during a banquet at his home. This quote is exceptionally important because it signals a shift in Dante's attitude towards those doomed to hell. Dante has learned not to pity the suffering sinners of hell. While in the beginning he wept for every soul who suffers horribly for their sins, he now seems to take pleasure in the torture those who have sinned must endure. When Albergio asks Dante to wipe away the frozen ring of tears so he may cry for his sins and suffering, Dante refuses. Dante's change of heart is important to his overall development. He learns to despise sin, therefore, taking the first step towards overcoming sin in his own life and finding salvation in God.
Through a round aperture I saw appear
Some of the beautiful things that Heaven bears,
Where we came forth, and once more saw the stars.
-Canto XXXIV (138-140)
In the forth ring of the ninth circle of hell lie those who have committed fraud against their benefactor, and therefore, comes closest to betraying God directly. Judas is held in the middle mouth of Lucifer with his head being constantly chewed because he committed the ultimate sin by betraying both his benefactor and God simultaneously. Brutus and Cassius are located in Satan's other two mouths, for they betrayed Julius Caesar, and Dante believes Rome to be the sovereign city, destined to rule the world both physically and spiritually. By placing a religious traitor in such a similar situation as the political traitors, Dante further enforces his belief that church and state are equal in their importance. Dante's portrayal of Lucifer is a mimicry of God, and his three heads a mimicry of the Holy Trinity.
The last lines in Dante's Inferno, symbolize his journey towards Heaven and salvation. He has begun his climb out of sin, and has taken a step closer to God. The ending left off on a optimistic note, a stark and refreshing difference from the dark depths of Hell.
To such a one as him was courtesy
-Canto XXXIII (146-147)
In the thirty-third canto, the reader becomes aware of a fact that has not come into the story as of yet, and in contrast to the rest of the story, goes against Catholic doctrine. Dante is speaking to Fra Alberigo in the third ring of the ninth circle of hell, those who betrayed their guests. In fact, Albergio has not died, his sins were so horrible and unforgivable that he was cast into hell before his time. Albergio resides in this circle because of an episode in which he had his cousin and son killed during a banquet at his home. This quote is exceptionally important because it signals a shift in Dante's attitude towards those doomed to hell. Dante has learned not to pity the suffering sinners of hell. While in the beginning he wept for every soul who suffers horribly for their sins, he now seems to take pleasure in the torture those who have sinned must endure. When Albergio asks Dante to wipe away the frozen ring of tears so he may cry for his sins and suffering, Dante refuses. Dante's change of heart is important to his overall development. He learns to despise sin, therefore, taking the first step towards overcoming sin in his own life and finding salvation in God.
Through a round aperture I saw appear
Some of the beautiful things that Heaven bears,
Where we came forth, and once more saw the stars.
-Canto XXXIV (138-140)
In the forth ring of the ninth circle of hell lie those who have committed fraud against their benefactor, and therefore, comes closest to betraying God directly. Judas is held in the middle mouth of Lucifer with his head being constantly chewed because he committed the ultimate sin by betraying both his benefactor and God simultaneously. Brutus and Cassius are located in Satan's other two mouths, for they betrayed Julius Caesar, and Dante believes Rome to be the sovereign city, destined to rule the world both physically and spiritually. By placing a religious traitor in such a similar situation as the political traitors, Dante further enforces his belief that church and state are equal in their importance. Dante's portrayal of Lucifer is a mimicry of God, and his three heads a mimicry of the Holy Trinity.
The last lines in Dante's Inferno, symbolize his journey towards Heaven and salvation. He has begun his climb out of sin, and has taken a step closer to God. The ending left off on a optimistic note, a stark and refreshing difference from the dark depths of Hell.
Sunday, March 15, 2009
An Epic, Imagination Provoking, Journey Through Hell
ABANDON ALL HOPE, YOU WHO ENTER HERE.
-Canto III (7)
Dante's Inferno is an epic journey, in which Dante explores a realm of unknown in order to learn more about human nature and the forever controversial afterlife. A staple feature of human nature is the inner battle of whether or not to believe there is a God, a heaven, and of course a hell. For some, such a belief comes naturally, but even so, one cannot be truly sure of what lies ahead for them in the afterlife. Dante's Inferno offers a vivid and intense description of what hell is like, and what life (or lack of life) is like for those that are doomed to remain there for eternity. Dante provides a much anticipated answer or even just a possible answer for those living in the 1300s and those living in the 21st century.
Dante uses dramatic imagery and disturbing situations to provide readers with an illustration of hell, something which all fear, partly for the unknown factor and partly for the known factor. To imagine oneself in such a situation is distressing, and yet irresistible. Reading The Inferno, one starts to question if he or she has committed the acts which would land one in hell--from hypocrisy to lying, each has a place in eternal hell-fire. The alarming and intense images Dante reveals, instill fear in readers, but also create a sense of curiosity: Where will I end up? Is it too late to change?
The sighs, groans and laments at first were so loud,Resounding through starless air, I began to weep:
Strange languages, horrible screams, words imbued
With rage or despair, cries as of troubled sleep
Or of a tortured shrillness--they rose in a coil
Of tumult, along with noises like a slap
Of beating hands, all fused in a ceaseless flail
That churns and frenzies that dark and timeless air
Like sand in a whirlwind. And I, my head in a swirl
-Canto III (19-27)
As Dante describes his journey through hell, he opens up reader's imaginations. He explores human nature and all its flaws, a common element in such great works of literature as Homer's The Odyssey and Virgil's The Aeneid. A focus of people throughout history has been that of a divine power, so Dante's exploration of such an existence has captured the imagination and curiosity of many for centuries.
Dante's Inferno contains so much symbolism which people continue to explore. What is the meaning behind each line Dante so carefully crafts? His skill and artistry has been admired for years, and will continue to be studied for years to come. Every person who reads Dante's Inferno has a unique experience based on his or her own personal life. Everyone looks at hell in a different way. A person who has devoted themselves to serving God, and a person who lives life dishonestly will look at Dante's Inferno in a different light. For this reason, the meaning behind Dante's Inferno has been debated by many.
Human nature also has a natural attraction to the epic hero. Dante serves as a man for whom people may cheer and admire. His journey through hell is anything but easy, and readers may respect the bravery and endurance which Dante displays. Many would turn around and run away from the ferocious devils, and screaming souls burning, or being torn apart, but Dante continues on his honorably journey.
Dante's Inferno is considered one of the greatest works of literature for its stark portrayal of hell and for the shear craftsmanship Dante uses to create a dramatic and sensational work of art. For years to come people will debate and admire Dante's Inferno for its intense imagery, and thought provoking plot.
Some of the beautiful things that Heaven bears,Where we come forth, and once more saw the stars.
-Canto XXXIV (139-140)
Wednesday, March 11, 2009
Cantos 21-23
"We have endured too much!" With that he clawed
His grapple into the other's arm, and tearing
Ripped out a muscle.
-Canto XXII (67-69)
In this section of The Inferno, there appears to be a more vivid violent description. Especially with the grafters, who pay for their sins by being thrown in boiling pitch. The demons who throw them in and make sure they do not rise to the surface are sadistic and take joy in the pain they bestow. It is hard to believe that these demons were ever angels, because to be an angel, one must do something worthy in life. These demons are pure evil, uncaring about anyone else, and starving for violence. In canto XXII, the reader learns that much like those condemned to hell, the demons are unable to leave their respective circles. However, one must wonder if they are put in particular circles based on their sins. Dante meets Navarrese who is being tortured by the demons. He uses tricks and deceitfulness that landed him in Hell to escape the torture of the demons. This gives the reader an indication that despite the horrors they must endure for their sins in life, not all the sinners have learned their lesson or are apologetic for their ways. As Dante descends deeper into Hell, the punishments become more and more vicious and he also describes them in more detail, using disturbing imagery and poetic language. As the adventure continues, the sins committed become more unforgivable and therefore the punishments doled out become more difficult to endurable. The most depressing aspect of Hell is the fact that there is no escape, those who have done wrong in their short life must live eternity in anguish. They have no chance to redeem themselves, to repent for the sins they have committed, and they cannot escape Hell through death. They just keep getting killed and tortured forever. Perhaps, they do not deserve sympathy, but some of the sins that doom people to hell, are not as worthy of the intense punishments they receive. For example the hypocrites. They have not necessarily hurt anyone, at least not all of them, and yet they reside in one of the deeper circles of Hell for eternity. Hypocrisy is in no way an honorably trait, but does one truly deserve such a horrible state for not "practicing what they preach?" More souls should have the choice to redeem themselves if they so chose. Those that feel no regret or still commit the sins which landed them in Hell can remain there without salvation.
Down at the bottom, we discovered a set
Of painted people, who slowly trod their rounds
Weeping, with looks of weairiness and defeat.
Their cloaks, cowls covering the eyes and face,
These cloaks were gilded on the side that shows
So that the eye was dazzeled--but all of lead
On the inside: so heavy
-Canto XXIII (53-56, 58-60)
His grapple into the other's arm, and tearing
Ripped out a muscle.
-Canto XXII (67-69)
In this section of The Inferno, there appears to be a more vivid violent description. Especially with the grafters, who pay for their sins by being thrown in boiling pitch. The demons who throw them in and make sure they do not rise to the surface are sadistic and take joy in the pain they bestow. It is hard to believe that these demons were ever angels, because to be an angel, one must do something worthy in life. These demons are pure evil, uncaring about anyone else, and starving for violence. In canto XXII, the reader learns that much like those condemned to hell, the demons are unable to leave their respective circles. However, one must wonder if they are put in particular circles based on their sins. Dante meets Navarrese who is being tortured by the demons. He uses tricks and deceitfulness that landed him in Hell to escape the torture of the demons. This gives the reader an indication that despite the horrors they must endure for their sins in life, not all the sinners have learned their lesson or are apologetic for their ways. As Dante descends deeper into Hell, the punishments become more and more vicious and he also describes them in more detail, using disturbing imagery and poetic language. As the adventure continues, the sins committed become more unforgivable and therefore the punishments doled out become more difficult to endurable. The most depressing aspect of Hell is the fact that there is no escape, those who have done wrong in their short life must live eternity in anguish. They have no chance to redeem themselves, to repent for the sins they have committed, and they cannot escape Hell through death. They just keep getting killed and tortured forever. Perhaps, they do not deserve sympathy, but some of the sins that doom people to hell, are not as worthy of the intense punishments they receive. For example the hypocrites. They have not necessarily hurt anyone, at least not all of them, and yet they reside in one of the deeper circles of Hell for eternity. Hypocrisy is in no way an honorably trait, but does one truly deserve such a horrible state for not "practicing what they preach?" More souls should have the choice to redeem themselves if they so chose. Those that feel no regret or still commit the sins which landed them in Hell can remain there without salvation.
Down at the bottom, we discovered a set
Of painted people, who slowly trod their rounds
Weeping, with looks of weairiness and defeat.
Their cloaks, cowls covering the eyes and face,
These cloaks were gilded on the side that shows
So that the eye was dazzeled--but all of lead
On the inside: so heavy
-Canto XXIII (53-56, 58-60)
Tuesday, March 10, 2009
Cantos 13-20
"In the bright life above," I answered him,
"I came into a valley and lost my way,
Before my age had reached its ripening time--
I turned my back on the place but yesterday.
He appeared to me at dawn, when I had turned
To go back down, and this path is the way
By which he leads me home."
-Canto XV (43-49)
This passage is essential to understanding Dante's purpose for taking such a frightful journey. When he was lost in the woods, he descended farther and farther into dismay until he began to contemplate suicide, and Beatrice, not wanted Dante to meet such a fate, sent Virgil to guide him through Hell. Through this journey, Dante is able to see what would lie ahead for him if he takes his own life. The explanation of Dante's adventure is almost dream-like, he learns lessons along the way, and of course there is the obvious absurdity in the work's plot. Dante comes in contact with those souls who are doomed to spend eternity in Hell because they have committed the sin of suicide. After observing what fate Dante would meet, he must reconsider his suicidal thoughts. Also, the reader must contemplate why Virgil was chosen as Dante's guide. For one they have poetry in common. Dante would surely feel more comfortably being led on his poetic journey by a fellow poet. Also, Dante looks up to Virgil. He has taken much inspiration from Virgil's works, and sees him as an authoritarian figure, and therefore more easy to follow.
Reader (God grant you the benefit of this book)
Try to imagine, yourself, how I could have kept
Tears of my own from falling for the sake
Of our human image so grotesquely reshaped,
Contorted so the eyes' tears fell to wet
The buttocks at the cleft. Truly I wept,
-Canto XX (19-24)
In the twentieth canto, Dante changes his style of narration. When before he was simply describing what was happening to him, and around him, he now addresses the reader. This shift may indicate that this particular scene is exceptionally important, either to Dante, or Dante finds it important for all humans. He describes the fate of those who have attempted to tell the future, the fortune tellers of the time. Their heads have been turned backwards, so they may never again see towards the future. It is curious that of all the tortured souls he has come in contact with, these are the first he has shown any outward sympathy for. The others he simply observed and perhaps spoke to a few of their sins and punishment, but he never displayed any kind of pity or sadness; but, for those that live with their head's turned around, he weeps. Why does Dante feel such a connection for these particular tortured souls?
"I came into a valley and lost my way,
Before my age had reached its ripening time--
I turned my back on the place but yesterday.
He appeared to me at dawn, when I had turned
To go back down, and this path is the way
By which he leads me home."
-Canto XV (43-49)
This passage is essential to understanding Dante's purpose for taking such a frightful journey. When he was lost in the woods, he descended farther and farther into dismay until he began to contemplate suicide, and Beatrice, not wanted Dante to meet such a fate, sent Virgil to guide him through Hell. Through this journey, Dante is able to see what would lie ahead for him if he takes his own life. The explanation of Dante's adventure is almost dream-like, he learns lessons along the way, and of course there is the obvious absurdity in the work's plot. Dante comes in contact with those souls who are doomed to spend eternity in Hell because they have committed the sin of suicide. After observing what fate Dante would meet, he must reconsider his suicidal thoughts. Also, the reader must contemplate why Virgil was chosen as Dante's guide. For one they have poetry in common. Dante would surely feel more comfortably being led on his poetic journey by a fellow poet. Also, Dante looks up to Virgil. He has taken much inspiration from Virgil's works, and sees him as an authoritarian figure, and therefore more easy to follow.
Reader (God grant you the benefit of this book)
Try to imagine, yourself, how I could have kept
Tears of my own from falling for the sake
Of our human image so grotesquely reshaped,
Contorted so the eyes' tears fell to wet
The buttocks at the cleft. Truly I wept,
-Canto XX (19-24)
In the twentieth canto, Dante changes his style of narration. When before he was simply describing what was happening to him, and around him, he now addresses the reader. This shift may indicate that this particular scene is exceptionally important, either to Dante, or Dante finds it important for all humans. He describes the fate of those who have attempted to tell the future, the fortune tellers of the time. Their heads have been turned backwards, so they may never again see towards the future. It is curious that of all the tortured souls he has come in contact with, these are the first he has shown any outward sympathy for. The others he simply observed and perhaps spoke to a few of their sins and punishment, but he never displayed any kind of pity or sadness; but, for those that live with their head's turned around, he weeps. Why does Dante feel such a connection for these particular tortured souls?
Monday, March 9, 2009
Cantos 6-12
Tell if you can the divided city's fate,
And of the citizens: is any one just?
And tell me why such schism threatens it.
-Cantos VI (55-57)
Study your physics well, and you'll be shown
In not too many pages that your art's good
Is to follow Nature insofar as it can,
As a pupil emulates his master; God
Has as it were a grandchild in your art.
By these two, man should thrive and gain his bread--
-Cantos XI (97-102)
Dante is influenced greatly by the political turmoil at the time he was writing The Inferno. "The Divided City" refers to the warring political factions in Florence. Dante belonged to the faction called the White Guelphs, who are at war with the White Guelphs favored by the Pope. During his journey, Dante comes to meet many Italian souls damned to eternal hell, and with them he discusses the current events in Italy, of which he is involved and concerned, havign been recently excommunicated, and therefore feeling lost and forgotten. During these conversations, Dante is able to voice his own poetic political views. Politics is as equally important to Dante as religion, which of course is a prominent theme in The Inferno. In this way, Dante may also voice his opinion of those who are damned, and in which circle of hell they will reside. He meets philosophers, and men of the clergy, as well as those souls he knew in life.
Dante hold that religion and intelligence be help as equals, the same idea held by those at the time: that those who are gifted in religion are of intelligence and should be held in respect. In modern times, the opposite is considered true by most, that one must put aside his or her logical intellectual beliefs in order to truly believe in God. Dante believes that if one embraces the sciences, he uses "Physics" as an example, then belief in "Nature," most likely referring to God follows, hand in hand. God is the one who created the phenomenon of science, and only when one has accepted both God and Science can one truly "thrive."
To Dante the best way to govern is to govern with religion and politics equally.
And of the citizens: is any one just?
And tell me why such schism threatens it.
-Cantos VI (55-57)
Study your physics well, and you'll be shown
In not too many pages that your art's good
Is to follow Nature insofar as it can,
As a pupil emulates his master; God
Has as it were a grandchild in your art.
By these two, man should thrive and gain his bread--
-Cantos XI (97-102)
Dante is influenced greatly by the political turmoil at the time he was writing The Inferno. "The Divided City" refers to the warring political factions in Florence. Dante belonged to the faction called the White Guelphs, who are at war with the White Guelphs favored by the Pope. During his journey, Dante comes to meet many Italian souls damned to eternal hell, and with them he discusses the current events in Italy, of which he is involved and concerned, havign been recently excommunicated, and therefore feeling lost and forgotten. During these conversations, Dante is able to voice his own poetic political views. Politics is as equally important to Dante as religion, which of course is a prominent theme in The Inferno. In this way, Dante may also voice his opinion of those who are damned, and in which circle of hell they will reside. He meets philosophers, and men of the clergy, as well as those souls he knew in life.
Dante hold that religion and intelligence be help as equals, the same idea held by those at the time: that those who are gifted in religion are of intelligence and should be held in respect. In modern times, the opposite is considered true by most, that one must put aside his or her logical intellectual beliefs in order to truly believe in God. Dante believes that if one embraces the sciences, he uses "Physics" as an example, then belief in "Nature," most likely referring to God follows, hand in hand. God is the one who created the phenomenon of science, and only when one has accepted both God and Science can one truly "thrive."
To Dante the best way to govern is to govern with religion and politics equally.
Friday, March 6, 2009
Cantos 1-5
And suddenly--a leopard, near the place
The way grew steep: lithe, spotted, quick of foot.
Blocking the path, she stayed before my face
My heart with hope of that beast with festive skin--
But not so much that the next sight wasn't fearful:
A lion came at me, his head high as he ran,
Roaring with hunger so the air appeared to tremble.
Then, a grim she-wolf--whose leanness seemed to compress
All the world's cravings, that had made miserable
-Cantos I (25-27, 34-39)
The first Canto in Dante's Inferno is essential for the understanding of the text, because otherwise the reader would be left wondering why Dante is taking this journey, and that curiosity can distract the reader from the true meaning of the text. The setting of Dante in the woods may be a hint that Dante is considering suicide. The significance of the Leopard, Lion, and She-wolf is that they represent the temptations for sin. The scene foreshadows Dante's future trip through hell and leads him to meet his guide on his journey, Virgil. Without his terror and suicidal thoughts signifying his decent into insanity and temptations to sin, Virgil would not have appeared and therefore the entire story would not have occurred. It is therefore essential that Dante include the beginning Canto in his work, and set the tone for the rest of the story.
Though me you enter into the city of woes,
Through me you enter into eternal pain,
Through me you enter the population of loss.
Justice moved my high maker, in power divine,
Wisdom supreme, love primal. No things were
Before me not eternal;Eternal I remain.
Abandon all hope, you who enter here.
-Cantos III (1-7)
The message carved into the entrance warns Dante of what he may witness and experience, yet he shows no hesitance or weary thoughts, he simply questions Virgil of its meaning. One must then wonder why Dante continues on his journey through such terrible and unimaginable terrors that face him in hell. Does he not worry of the consequences, of what he may see scaring him for life? The lines written at the entrance would make any normal person cringe: city of woes, eternal pain, population of loss, abandon all hope. One is given a pretty clear image of what lies ahead, and would normally run from such a fate, yet Dante willingly enters, in fact wants to enter. His actions are quite curious indeed.
The way grew steep: lithe, spotted, quick of foot.
Blocking the path, she stayed before my face
My heart with hope of that beast with festive skin--
But not so much that the next sight wasn't fearful:
A lion came at me, his head high as he ran,
Roaring with hunger so the air appeared to tremble.
Then, a grim she-wolf--whose leanness seemed to compress
All the world's cravings, that had made miserable
-Cantos I (25-27, 34-39)
The first Canto in Dante's Inferno is essential for the understanding of the text, because otherwise the reader would be left wondering why Dante is taking this journey, and that curiosity can distract the reader from the true meaning of the text. The setting of Dante in the woods may be a hint that Dante is considering suicide. The significance of the Leopard, Lion, and She-wolf is that they represent the temptations for sin. The scene foreshadows Dante's future trip through hell and leads him to meet his guide on his journey, Virgil. Without his terror and suicidal thoughts signifying his decent into insanity and temptations to sin, Virgil would not have appeared and therefore the entire story would not have occurred. It is therefore essential that Dante include the beginning Canto in his work, and set the tone for the rest of the story.
Though me you enter into the city of woes,
Through me you enter into eternal pain,
Through me you enter the population of loss.
Justice moved my high maker, in power divine,
Wisdom supreme, love primal. No things were
Before me not eternal;Eternal I remain.
Abandon all hope, you who enter here.
-Cantos III (1-7)
The message carved into the entrance warns Dante of what he may witness and experience, yet he shows no hesitance or weary thoughts, he simply questions Virgil of its meaning. One must then wonder why Dante continues on his journey through such terrible and unimaginable terrors that face him in hell. Does he not worry of the consequences, of what he may see scaring him for life? The lines written at the entrance would make any normal person cringe: city of woes, eternal pain, population of loss, abandon all hope. One is given a pretty clear image of what lies ahead, and would normally run from such a fate, yet Dante willingly enters, in fact wants to enter. His actions are quite curious indeed.
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